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Researchers use AI to translate texts from 5,000 years ago into forgotten language; and the machine understands better decrees than poems

 The oldest known writing system is the cuneiform, invented in Mesopotamia by the Sumerians in the 4th millennium B.C. (a millennium before the Egyptian hieroglyphs) to write on clay tablets with punch or chisel (no paper and papyrus). Over the time it was in use (until the 1st century AD) it evolved from an ideographic system to a phonetic (syllabic) and underwent variations to adapt to the different languages that adopted it as their own, most of them unrelated to each other. This meant that the advances achieved in the translation of certain tablets could not always be applied to those found on other sites. Add to that the low availability of experts in such ancient and minority languages and you will have hundreds of thousands of boards in your hands waiting to be slowly translated. Most of these  documents remain untranslated and inaccessible due to their large number and limited number of experts able to read them. That’s until artificial intelligence is used to lend a h...

Donald Trump and his legacy.

 
Donald Trump: The Legacy


 


During his tenure, Trump took a pro-business approach and emphasized deregulation and tax reduction as a means of stimulating economic growth. He promoted significant tax cuts, including the 2017 Employment and Tax Court Act. This was praised by some as a driver for the economy and the stock market. However, critics argue that these policies favored mainly the rich and increased economic inequality. Trump has adopted a nationalistic and "America First" approach in his foreign policies. He withdrew from the Paris Climate Agreement and the nuclear deal with Iran, adopted a tougher stance towards China and initiated trade negotiations to review existing agreements such as NAFTA. These policies were praised by some as a defense of American interests, while others criticized them as detrimental to global cooperation and international alliances.




 Trump's immigration policy was one of the most controversial issues of his tenure. He advocated building a wall on the border with Mexico and implemented more stringent immigration measures, such as banning entry of citizens from certain Muslim-majority countries. These policies were popular among their supporter base, but generated intense criticism from human rights groups and immigrant advocates. Trump's leadership style, characterized by his direct communication and frequent use of social media, was a hallmark of his tenure. His rhetoric was often controversial and provocative, generating heated debates and divisions in American society. Some appreciated his frankness and believed he gave voice to neglected issues, while others argued that his inflammatory statements were detrimental to public discourse and national cohesion.




The perception of Donald Trump's legacy varies considerably between different groups and individuals. For some, his tenure was marked by positive measures such as economic deregulation, the appointment of conservative judges to federal courts, and the emphasis on national sovereignty. These supporters often highlight their efforts to reverse policies implemented by previous administrations. On the other hand, critics of Trump point to several issues they consider problematic. They cite their restrictive immigration policies, their divisive rhetoric and their questionable approach to science and climate change as examples of legitimate concerns. In addition, its response to the COVID-19 pandemic has received criticism due to allegations of mismanagement and lack of coherent leadership.




Another important element to consider when assessing Trump's legacy is the lasting impact of his actions and policies on the political and social fabric of the United States. His polarizing leadership style contributed to deepening the existing divisions in American society, creating a fierce and often hostile political environment. The current polarization and political climate in the United States can be partly attributed to his policies and the way he engaged in public discourse.

The analysis and debate over Donald Trump's legacy is likely to continue for a long time as historians, political analysts and the general public assess the consequences of his actions and policies. It is important to note that this assessment is constantly evolving, as new information and perspectives arise over time.



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